电力监控系统在中国人民银行金融信息部数据中心配电室改造项目中的设计与应用
摘要：采用微机保护和多功能电力仪表、采集变电所内10KV高压柜的各种电参量和开关信号。系统采用现场就地组网的方式，组网后通过现场总线通讯并远传至后台，通过Acrel-2000型电力监控系统实现配电所配电回路用电的实时监控和管理。
Abstract: Microcomputer protection and multi-function power meter are adopted to collect various electric parameters and switch signals of 10KV high voltage cabinet in the substation.
The system adopts the way of networking on site. After networking, communication is carried out through field bus and transmitted to the background remotely. Acrel-2000 type power monitoring system is used to realize real-time monitoring and management of power consumption in the distribution circuit of the distribution station.
关键词：数据中心 ;双机冗余；变电所 ;Acrel-2000;电力监控系统;
Key words: data center; Double machine redundancy; Substation; Acrel-2000; Power monitoring system;
0 概述 Overview
中国人民银行金融信息中心数据中心配电室位于北京市西城区德外大街德胜国际中心，现有电力监控系统已运行7年时间，设备型号老旧，经常死机，故障频繁，操作不方便，且备用主机已坏，需要进行改造。具体情况如下：
The power distribution room of the Data Center of the Financial Information Center of the People's Bank of China is located in Desheng International Center, Desheng Street, Xicheng District, Beijing. The existing power monitoring system has been in operation for 7 years. The equipment model is old, often crashes, frequently breaks down, and the operation is inconvenient.
The details are as follows:
配电室供电采用双路供电方式，共有高压柜18个，低压开关柜59个，进线柜8个，电容控制柜 6个，变压器8台。本次改造在不影响机房供电的情况下更换配电室监控系统的软硬件，增加9只环境温湿度传感器。在数据采集点及采集线路不改变的情况下改造，改造后可以降低系统的故障率，操作更便捷，功能更完善，同时提高了系统的安全性，稳定性。
There are 18 high voltage cabinets, 59 low-voltage switchgear cabinets, 8 incoming line cabinets, 6 capacitor control cabinets and 8 transformers in the distribution room.
In this renovation, the hardware and software of the monitoring system of the distribution room will be replaced without affecting the power supply of the machine room, and 9 environmental temperature and humidity sensors will be added.
In the case that the data collection point and the collection line are not changed, the reconstruction can reduce the failure rate of the system, operate more conveniently, function more perfect, and improve the security and stability of the system.
1 用户需求 User needs
1. 对实时数据进行统计、分析、计算，产生所需的电压合格率、有功、无功、电流、总负荷、功率因数、电量日/月/年大值、小值及时间、日期、负荷率、数字输入状态量逻辑运算值等，设备正常/异常变位次数并加以区分等。
Conduct statistics, analysis and calculation on real-time data to generate required voltage qualification rate, active power, reactive power, current, total load, power factor, large value and small value of electric quantity daily/monthly/year, time, date, load rate, logical operation value of digital input state quantity, etc., and distinguish normal/abnormal device displacement times, etc.
2. 为了防止工控机在运行中出现故障要求两台服务器同时工作并且接收数据一样。
In order to prevent the failure of INDUSTRIAL computer in operation requires two servers to work at the same time and receive the same data.
3. 为了采集的可靠性本项目采用工业网关做为采集设备，本网关具有数据存储功能且具备两个网口同时给两台服务器转发数据。当其中一个网关有故障时只需要把采集端子更换到另外一台备用网关即可。
In order to improve the reliability of collection, this project adopts the industrial gateway as the collection equipment. This gateway has data storage function and two network ports to forward data to two servers at the same time.
When one of the gateways is out of order, it is only necessary to replace the acquisition terminal to another standby gateway.
4. 全数据备份，能够将数据库中所有信息备份；
Full data backup, able to backup all information in the database;
5. 定时自动备份，能够设定自动备份周期，对数据库进行自动备份；
Timing automatic backup, automatic backup cycle can be set, automatic backup of the database;
6. 历史数据恢复，能够依据历史数据备份文件进行历史数据恢复；
Historical data recovery, historical data recovery can be carried out according to the historical data backup files;
2 系统方案 System solutions
本项目客户关心的是系统的稳定性及安全性，要求系统和网络做双机冗余处理，保障数据的安全性。在双网冗余系统中，主机和从机都使用两个网络适配器，并分配在两个不同的网段，主/从机之间存在两个网络连接。两个网络互为备用，可保证主/从机之间的可靠网络通信。双网冗余系统的切换逻辑与单网冗余系统的区别就是在主/从机之间探询对方状态时增加了活动网络与备用网络的切换。以备份站探询活动站状态为例：当备份站通过活动网络向活动站发送探询命令，如果发现没有得到活动站在规定时间内的正确应答，备份站并不立即将活动站判断为故障站，而是自动切换到备用网络再次向活动站发送探询命令。如果备用网络通信正常，则将备用网络切换为活动网络，并将故障的网络状态在报警信息中显示出来。
The client of this project is concerned about the stability and security of the system, and requires the system and network to do double-machine redundancy processing to ensure the security of data.
In a dual-network redundant system, both the host and the slave use two network adapters and are assigned to two different network segments, with two network connections between the master and slave.
The two networks are mutually standby to ensure reliable network communication between master and slave.
The difference between dual network redundancy system and single network redundancy system is that the switch between active network and standby network is increased when the master/slave machine is inquiring the state of each other.
For example, when the backup station sends a query command to the active station through the active network, if it is found that the active station does not receive the correct response within the specified time, the backup station does not immediately judge the active station as a failure station, but automatically switches to the standby network and sends the query command to the active station again.
If the standby network communication is normal, the standby network is switched to an active network and the state of the failed network is displayed in the alarm message.
系统结构拓扑图 System structure topology diagram
2.1 站控管理层Station Control management
站控管理层针对电力监控系统的管理人员，是人机交互的直接窗口。站控管理设备设置在数据中心地下一层配电值班室内。
The station control management is the direct window of human-computer interaction for the managers of power monitoring system.
The station control management equipment is set in the distribution duty room on the ground floor of the data center.
2.2 网络通讯层Network communication layer
通讯层主要是由以总线网络组成。总线网络的主要功能是实现现场微机保护与站控管理层之间的数据交互，使配电系统管理集中化、信息化、智能化，很大提高了配电系统的安全性、可靠性和稳定性，达到了无人值守的目的。
The communication layer is mainly composed of bus network.
The main function of the bus network is to realize the data interaction between the field microcomputer protection and the station control management, make the distribution system management centralized, informationized and intelligent, greatly improve the security, reliability and stability of the distribution system, and achieve the purpose of unattended.
2.3 现场设备层Field equipment layer
现场设备层是数据采集终端，智能设备通过屏蔽双绞线RS485接口，采用MODBUS通讯协议总线连接接入监控主机进行组网，实现远程控制。
The field equipment layer is the data acquisition terminal. The intelligent equipment connects to the monitoring host through the screened twisted pair RS485 interface and uses the MODBUS communication protocol bus to network and realize remote control.
3 系统功能 System function
系统人机界面友好，以配电一次图的形式直观显示配电线路的运行状态，实时监测各回路电压、电流、功率、功率因数、电能等电参数信息，动态监视各配电回路断路器、隔离开关、地刀等合、分状态，以及有关故障、告警等信号。
System friendly man-machine interface, visual display in the form of distribution a figure running state of distribution line, real-time monitoring of voltage, current, power, power factor of each circuit, power electric parameters, such as information, dynamic monitoring power distribution circuit breaker, isolating switch, knife, such as state, as well as related to failure, the alarm signal.
在配电一次图中，当鼠标移动到每个回路附近时，鼠标指针变为手形，鼠标单击可查看该回路详细电参量，包括三相电流、三相电压、三相总有功功率、总无功功率、总功率因数、正向有功电能，并可以查看24小时相电流趋势曲线及24小时电压趋势曲线。
Once in power distribution diagram, when the mouse moves to near each loop, the mouse pointer to hand form, the mouse click to view the loop electric parameter in detail, including three phase current, three-phase voltage, three-phase total active power, reactive power, power factor, positive active power, 24 hours and you can view the current trend curve and voltage trend curve 24 hours a day.
系统具有实时电力参数和历史电力参数的存储和管理功能，所有实时采集的数据、顺序事件记录等均可保存到数据库，在查询界面中能够自定义需要查询的参数、指定时间或选择查询近期更新的记录数据等，并通过报表方式显示出来。用户可以根据需要定制运行日报、月报，支持导出Excel格式文件，还可以根据用户要求导出PDF格式文件。
System has real-time power parameters and the historical power storage and management functions, all the real time acquisition of data, order the event log can be saved to the database, such as in the query interface to the custom need to query parameters, specified time or select query recent update record data, etc., and displayed by way of the report.
Users can customize daily and monthly reports to support the export of Excel format files, and can also export PDF format files according to user requirements.
系统以丰富的报表体支撑量体系的完整性。系统具备定时抄表汇总统计功能，用户可以自由查询自系统正常运行以来任意时间段内各配电节点的用电情况，即该节点进线用电量与各分支回路消耗电量的统计分析报表。该功能使得用电可视透明，并在用电误差偏大时可分析追溯，维护计量体系的正确性。
The system supports the integrity of the system with rich report volume.
The system has the function of timing meter reading and summary statistics. Users can freely inquire the electricity consumption of each distribution node in any time period since the normal operation of the system, that is, the statistical analysis report of the power consumption of the node's incoming line and the power consumption of each branch loop.
This function makes the electricity visible and transparent, and can be analyzed and traced when the electricity error is large, so as to maintain the accuracy of the measurement system.
系统通讯结构示意图，主要显示系统的组网结构，系统采用分层分布式结构，同时监测间隔层设备的通信状态。红色表示通讯正常，绿色表示通讯异常。
The communication structure diagram of the system mainly shows the network structure of the system. The system adopts a hierarchical and distributed structure and monitors the communication state of the equipment in the interval layer at the same time.
Red indicates normal communication, and green indicates abnormal communication.
系统能够对遥信变位，保护动作、事故跳闸，以及电压、电流、功率、功率因数越限等事件记录进行存储和管理，方便用户对系统事件和报警进行历史追溯，查询统计、事故分析。
The system can store and manage the records of remote signal dislocations, protective actions, accident tripping, voltage, current, power, power factor off-limits and other events, so as to make it convenient for users to trace the history of system events and alarms, query statistics and accident analysis.
4 结束语conclusion
本项目客户是中国人民银行数据中心配电室，客户关心的是系统设备的稳定性及数据的完整性。项目中使用的ACREL2000电力监控系统具有双机冗余功能，两个网络互为备用，可保证主/从机之间的可靠网络通信。系统具有定时自动备份，能够设定自动备份周期。历史数据恢复，能够依据历史数据备份文件进行历史数据恢复。
The client of this project is the power distribution room of the data center of the People's Bank of China. What the client cares about is the stability of the system equipment and the integrity of the data.
The ACREL2000 power monitoring system used in the project has the redundancy function of two machines, and the two networks are standby for each other, which can guarantee the reliable network communication between master and slave machines.
The system has timing automatic backup, can set the automatic backup cycle.
Historical data recovery, can be based on the historical data backup files for historical data recovery.
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1.Solutions For Enterprise Micro-grid System 2020.02
